Innovación y Sostenibilidad en los Sistemas Pecuarios: Producción, Bienestar Animal y Tecnologías Emergentes
Palabras clave:
producción pecuaria, bienestar animal, sostenibilidad, tecnologías emergentes, sistemas pecuarios inteligentesSinopsis
La producción pecuaria contemporánea enfrenta el desafío de responder simultáneamente a las demandas de productividad, seguridad alimentaria, bienestar animal, sostenibilidad ambiental y viabilidad económica, dentro de contextos territoriales marcados por profundas diferencias sociales, tecnológicas y productivas. Este libro analiza esa transformación desde una mirada integradora, considerando que la eficiencia ya no puede entenderse únicamente como aumento del rendimiento, sino como la capacidad de articular recursos, conocimiento biológico, salud animal, infraestructura, trabajo humano y tecnologías emergentes. A lo largo de sus capítulos se examinan los cambios que atraviesan los sistemas pecuarios, la necesidad de replantear los modelos de producción, la importancia del bienestar y la responsabilidad sanitaria, así como el creciente papel de la digitalización, los sensores, el análisis de datos y la inteligencia artificial. La propuesta sostiene que la tecnología adquiere verdadero valor cuando fortalece la capacidad de decisión de productores, veterinarios y técnicos, sin sustituir el conocimiento contextual ni desconocer las condiciones económicas, ambientales y culturales de cada territorio. Bajo esta perspectiva, los sistemas pecuarios del futuro se conciben como estructuras adaptativas en las que productividad, bienestar, sostenibilidad e innovación deben avanzar de manera articulada.
Descargas
Referencias
Adcock, S. J. J. (2021). Early life painful procedures: Long-term consequences and implications for farm animal welfare. Frontiers in Animal Science, 2, 759522. DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.759522.
Alarcón, L. V., Allepuz, A., & Mateu, E. (2021). Biosecurity in pig farms: A review. Porcine Health Management, 7. DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00181-z.
Alary, V., Lasseur, J., Frija, A., & Gautier, D. (2022). Assessing the sustainability of livestock socio-ecosystems in the drylands through a set of indicators. Agricultural Systems, 198, 103389. DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103389.
Alimi, N., Assani, A. S., Worogo, H. S., Baco, N. M., & Traoré, I. A. (2024). Livestock feed resources and coping strategies during feed scarcity periods in West Africa. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11, 1352235. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1352235.
Alvarado Sandino, C. O., Barnes, A. P., Sepúlveda, I., Garratt, M. P. D., Thompson, J., & Escobar-Tello, M. P. (2023). Examining factors for the adoption of silvopastoral agroforestry in the Colombian Amazon. Scientific Reports, 13, 12252. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39038-0.
Badhan, A., Wang, Y., Terry, S., Gruninger, R., Guan, L. L., & McAllister, T. A. (2025). Invited review: Interplay of rumen microbiome and the cattle host in modulating feed efficiency and methane emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(6), 5489–5501. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-26063.
Barney, S., Dlay, S., Crowe, A., Kyriazakis, I., & Leach, M. (2023). Deep learning pose estimation for multi-cattle lameness detection. Scientific Reports, 13, 4499. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31297-1.
Brscic, M., Contiero, B., Magrin, L., Riuzzi, G., & Gottardo, F. (2021). The use of the general animal-based measures codified terms in the scientific literature on farm animal welfare. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 634498. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.634498.
Brito, L. F., Bedere, N., Douhard, F., Oliveira, H. R., Arnal, M., Peñagaricano, F., Schinckel, A. P., Baes, C. F., & Miglior, F. (2021). Review: Genetic selection of high-yielding dairy cattle toward sustainable farming systems in a rapidly changing world. Animal, 15(Suppl. 1), 100292. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100292.
Campoverde-Molina, M., & Luján-Mora, S. (2025). Cybersecurity in smart agriculture: A systematic literature review. Computers & Security, 150, 104284. DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2024.104284.
Cartwright, S. L., Schmied, J., Karrow, N., & Mallard, B. A. (2023). Impact of heat stress on dairy cattle and selection strategies for thermotolerance: A review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1198697. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198697.
Carvalho, C. B. de M., de Mello, A. C. L., da Cunha, M. V., de Oliveira Apolinário, V. X., Dubeux Júnior, J. C. B., da Silva, V. J., Medeiros, A. S., Izidro, J. L. P. S., & Bretas, I. L. (2024). Ecosystem services provided by silvopastoral systems: A review. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 162(5), 417–432. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859624000595.
Chala, B., & Hamde, F. (2021). Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infectious diseases and the challenges for control: A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 715759. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.715759.
Chen, L., Thorup, V. M., Kudahl, A. B., & Østergaard, S. (2024). Effects of heat stress on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, and feed efficiency in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 107(5), 3207–3218. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24059.
Cheruiyot, E. K., Haile-Mariam, M., Cocks, B. G., & Pryce, J. E. (2022). Improving genomic selection for heat tolerance in dairy cattle: Current opportunities and future directions. Frontiers in Genetics, 13, 894067. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.894067.
Chisoro, P., Jaja, I. F., & Assan, N. (2023). Incorporation of local novel feed resources in livestock feed for sustainable food security and circular economy. Frontiers in Sustainability, 4, 1251179. DOI: 10.3389/frsus.2023.1251179.
Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2021). Code of practice to minimize and contain foodborne antimicrobial resistance (CXC 61-2005, revised 2021). FAO/WHO.
Doidge, C., Frössling, J., Dórea, F. C., Ordell, A., Vidal, G., & Kaler, J. (2023). Social and ethical implications of data and technology use on farms: A qualitative study of Swedish dairy and pig farmers. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1171107. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1171107.
EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW). (2022a). Welfare of cattle during transport. EFSA Journal, 20(9), e07442. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442.
EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW). (2022b). Welfare of pigs during transport. EFSA Journal, 20(9), e07445. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7445.
Elahi, U., Xu, C.-C., Wang, J., Lin, J., Wu, S.-G., Zhang, H.-J., & Qi, G.-H. (2022). Insect meal as a feed ingredient for poultry. Animal Bioscience, 35(2), 332–346. DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0435.
Elliott, K. C., & Werkheiser, I. (2023). A framework for transparency in precision livestock farming. Animals, 13(21), 3358. DOI: 10.3390/ani13213358.
Estévez-Moreno, L. X., Miranda-de la Lama, G. C., & Miguel-Pacheco, G. G. (2022). Consumer attitudes towards farm animal welfare in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia: A segmentation-based study. Meat Science, 187, 108747. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108747.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023a). Contribution of terrestrial animal source food to healthy diets for improved nutrition and health outcomes: An evidence and policy overview on the state of knowledge and gaps. FAO. DOI: 10.4060/cc3912en.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023b). Pathways towards lower emissions: A global assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options from livestock agrifood systems. FAO. DOI: 10.4060/cc9029en.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2026). Drivers of supply and demand of terrestrial animal source food: An evidence and policy overview on the state of knowledge and gaps. FAO. DOI: 10.4060/cd9125en.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, & World Organisation for Animal Health. (2022). One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022–2026): Working together for the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment. FAO. DOI: 10.4060/cc2289en.
Fodor, I., Spoelstra, M., Calus, M. P. L., & Kamphuis, C. (2023). A systematic review of genotype-by-climate interaction studies in cattle, pigs, and chicken. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4, 1324830. DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1324830.
Fonseca, R. P., & Sanchez-Sabate, R. (2022). Consumers’ attitudes towards animal suffering: A systematic review on awareness, willingness and dietary change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16372. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316372.
Gallo, C., Véjar, L., Galindo, F., Huertas, S. M., & Tadich, T. (2022). Animal welfare in Latin America: Trends and characteristics of scientific publications. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 1030454. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1030454.
Goel, A. (2021). Heat stress management in poultry. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 105(6), 1136–1145. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13496.
Govoni, C., D’Odorico, P., Pinotti, L., & Rulli, M. C. (2023). Preserving global land and water resources through the replacement of livestock feed crops with agricultural by-products. Nature Food, 4, 1047–1057. DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00884-w.
Greene, J. M., Wallace, J., Williams, R. B., Leytem, A. B., Bock, B. R., McCully, M., Kaffka, S. R., Rotz, C. A., & Quinn, J. C. (2024). National greenhouse gas emission reduction potential from adopting anaerobic digestion on large-scale dairy farms in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(28), 12409–12419. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00367.
Greenwood, P. L. (2021). Review: An overview of beef production from pasture and feedlot globally, as demand for beef and the need for sustainable practices increase. Animal, 15(Suppl. 1), 100295. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100295.
Greig, J., Cavasos, K., Boyer, C., & Schexnayder, S. (2023). Diffusion of innovation, internet access, and adoption barriers for precision livestock farming among beef producers. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 4(3), 103–116. DOI: 10.37433/aad.v4i3.329.
Habimana, V., Nguluma, A. S., Nziku, Z. C., Ekine-Dzivenu, C. C., Morota, G., Mrode, R., & Chenyambuga, S. W. (2023). Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1121499. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1121499.
Hasan, M. K., Mun, H.-S., Ampode, K. M. B., Lagua, E. B., Park, H.-R., Kim, Y.-H., Sharifuzzaman, M., & Yang, C.-J. (2024). A systematic literature review on digital twins in livestock farming. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 12(12), 2301–2314. DOI: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2024/12.12.2301.2314.
Hoffmann, G., Strutzke, S., Fiske, D., Heinicke, J., & Mylostyvyi, R. (2024). A new approach to recording rumination behavior in dairy cows. Sensors, 24(17), 5521. DOI: 10.3390/s24175521.
Hollas, C. E., Rodrigues, H. C., Oyadomari, V. M. A., Bolsan, A. C., Venturin, B., Bonassa, G., Tápparo, D. C., Abilhôa, H. C. Z., da Silva, J. F. F., Michelon, W., Cavaler, J. P., Antes, F. G., Steinmetz, R. L. R., Treichel, H., & Kunz, A. (2022). The potential of animal manure management pathways toward a circular economy: A bibliometric analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(49), 73599–73621. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22799-y.
Hristov, A. N., Melgar, A., Wasson, D., & Arndt, C. (2022). Symposium review: Effective nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 105(10), 8543–8557. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21398.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2021). Short-lived climate forcers. En Climate change 2021: The physical science basis (Chapter 6). Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Food, fibre, and other ecosystem products. En Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (Chapter 5). Cambridge University Press.
Islam, M. N., Edwards, J. L., Burns, R., Qi, H., & Gan, H. (2026). Computer vision for cattle health and welfare monitoring: A review of advances in imaging technology and artificial intelligence. Sensors, 26(13), 4271. DOI: 10.3390/s26134271.
Kebreab, E., Bannink, A., Pressman, E. M., Walker, N., Karagiannis, A., van Gastelen, S., & Dijkstra, J. (2023). A meta-analysis of effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 106(2), 927–936. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22211.
Khan, I., Mesalam, A., Heo, Y. S., Lee, S.-H., Nabi, G., & Kong, I.-K. (2023). Heat stress as a barrier to successful reproduction and potential alleviation strategies in cattle. Animals, 13(14), 2359. DOI: 10.3390/ani13142359.
Liu, F., Zhao, W., Le, H. H., Cottrell, J. J., Green, M. P., Leury, B. J., Dunshea, F. R., & Bell, A. W. (2022). Review: What have we learned about the effects of heat stress on the pig industry? Animal, 16(Suppl. 2), 100349. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100349.
Liu, Y., Yang, L., Xiang, H.-Y., Niu, M., Deng, J.-C., Li, X.-Y., Hao, W.-J., Ou-Yang, H.-S., Liu, T.-Y., Tang, X.-C., Pang, D.-X., & Yuan, H.-M. (2024). Genetically modified pigs with CD163 point mutation are resistant to HP-PRRSV infection. Zoological Research, 45(4), 833–844. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.090.
Lutz, B., Zwygart, S., Rufener, C., Burla, J.-B., Thomann, B., & Stucki, D. (2021). Data-based variables used as indicators of dairy cow welfare at farm level: A review. Animals, 11(12), 3458. DOI: 10.3390/ani11123458.
Manzanilla-Pech, C. I. V., Stephansen, R. B., Difford, G. F., Løvendahl, P., & Lassen, J. (2022). Selecting for feed efficient cows will help to reduce methane gas emissions. Frontiers in Genetics, 13, 885932. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.885932.
Martins, L. F., Cueva, S. F., Wasson, D. E., Almeida, C. V., Eifert, C., de Ondarza, M. B., Tricarico, J. M., & Hristov, A. N. (2024). Effects of dose, dietary nutrient composition, and supplementation period on the efficacy of methane mitigation strategies in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 107(11), 9289–9308. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24783.
McClelland, S. C., Arndt, C., Gordon, D. R., & Thoma, G. (2018). Type and number of environmental impact categories used in livestock life cycle assessment: A systematic review. Livestock Science, 209, 39–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.01.008.
McManus, C., Pimentel, F., Junqueira, V. S., Balbino, L. C., Cordeiro, L. A. M., Bernal, F., Peripolli, V., & Ferreira, I. C. (2026). Shade matters: Heat stress alleviation in Gyr and Girolando cows through silvopastoral management in tropical conditions. International Journal of Biometeorology, 70(1), 27. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-025-03063-7.
Mehre, J., Schneider, K., Jayasundara, S., Gillespie, A., & Wagner-Riddle, C. (2024). Adaptive multi-paddock grazing increases soil carbon stocks and decreases the carbon footprint of beef production in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Environmental Management, 371, 123255. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123255.
Mellor, D. J., Beausoleil, N. J., Littlewood, K. E., McLean, A. N., McGreevy, P. D., Jones, B., & Wilkins, C. (2020). The 2020 Five Domains Model: Including human-animal interactions in assessments of animal welfare. Animals, 10(10), 1870. DOI: 10.3390/ani10101870.
Monteiro, A. N. T. R., Brossard, L., Gilbert, H., & Dourmad, J.-Y. (2021). Environmental impacts and their association with performance and excretion traits in growing pigs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 677857. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.677857.
Morgan-Davies, C., Tesnière, G., Gautier, J. M., Jørgensen, G. H. M., González-García, E., Patsios, S. I., Sossidou, E. N., Keady, T. W. J., McClearn, B., Kenyon, F., Caja, G., Grøva, L., Decandia, M., Cziszter, L., Halachmi, I., & Dwyer, C. M. (2024). Review: Exploring the use of precision livestock farming for small ruminant welfare management. Animal, 18(Suppl. 2), 101233. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101233.
Mura, M. C., Trimasse, O., Carcangiu, V., & Luridiana, S. (2026). Precision livestock farming for dairy sheep: Applications of sensors, Internet of Things and decision support systems. AgriEngineering, 8(2), 58. DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering8020058.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (8th rev. ed.). The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/25806.
One Health High-Level Expert Panel. (2022). One Health: A new definition for a sustainable and healthy future. PLoS Pathogens, 18(6), e1010537. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010537.
Orihuela, A. (2021). Review: Management of livestock behavior to improve welfare and production. Animal, 15, 100290. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100290.
Ozella, L., Brotto Rebuli, K., Forte, C., & Giacobini, M. (2023). A literature review of modeling approaches applied to data collected in automatic milking systems. Animals, 13(12), 1916. DOI: 10.3390/ani13121916.
Ozger, Z. B., Cihan, P., & Gokce, E. (2024). A systematic review of IoT technology and applications in animals. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 30(4), 411–431. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2024.31866.
Picasso, V., & Pizarro, D. (2024). Silvopastoral transitions in Latin America: Toward diverse perennial systems. Agroforestry Systems, 98, 2267–2272. DOI: 10.1007/s10457-024-01023-5.
Pol, F., Kling-Eveillard, F., Champigneulle, F., Fresnay, E., Ducrocq, M., & Courboulay, V. (2021). Human-animal relationship influences husbandry practices, animal welfare and productivity in pig farming. Animal, 15(2), 100103. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100103.
Pupo, M. R., Ferraretto, L. F., & Nicholson, C. F. (2025). Effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol for methane emissions reduction on income over feed costs in the United States. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(5), 5061–5075. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25502.
Qaim, M., Barrangou, R., & Ronald, P. C. (2024). Sustainability of animal-sourced foods and plant-based alternatives. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(50), e2400495121. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400495121.
Ran, Y., Lannerstad, M., Herrero, M., Van Middelaar, C. E., & De Boer, I. J. M. (2016). Assessing water resource use in livestock production: A review of methods. Livestock Science, 187, 68–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.02.012.
Rault, J.-L., Waiblinger, S., Boivin, X., & Hemsworth, P. (2020). The power of a positive human-animal relationship for animal welfare. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 590867. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.590867.
Reissig, L., Wiseman, L., & Cockburn, M. (2024). Farmers and their data: Evaluating the Swiss conception of data sharing through the lens of digital farming. Journal of Rural Studies, 111, 103390. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103390.
Roque, B. M., Venegas, M., Kinley, R. D., de Nys, R., Duarte, T. L., Yang, X., & Kebreab, E. (2021). Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) supplementation reduces enteric methane by over 80 percent in beef steers. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247820. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247820.
Rowe, E., & Mullan, S. (2022). Advancing a “Good Life” for farm animals: Development of resource tier frameworks for on-farm assessment of positive welfare for beef cattle, broiler chicken and pigs. Animals, 12(5), 565. DOI: 10.3390/ani12050565.
Sales-Baptista, E., & Ferraz-de-Oliveira, M. I. (2021). Grazing in silvopastoral systems: Multiple solutions for diversified benefits. Agroforestry Systems, 95, 1–6. DOI: 10.1007/s10457-020-00581-8.
Santos Neto, C. F. dos, Silva, R. G. da, Maranhão, S. R., Torres, A. F. F., Barbosa Filho, J. A. D., Macedo, V. H. M., & Cândido, M. J. D. (2022). Microclimate and animal thermal comfort indexes in different silvopastoral system arrangements in Caatinga. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(3), 449–456. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02182-1.
Satoła, A., & Satoła, K. (2024). Performance comparison of individual and ensemble machine learning models for prediction of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 107(6), 3959–3972. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24243.
Schokker, D., Poppe, M., ten Napel, J., Athanasiadis, I. N., Kamphuis, C., & Veerkamp, R. F. (2022). Rapid turnover of sensor data to genetic evaluation of dairy cows using cloud infrastructure. Journal of Dairy Science, 105(12), 9792–9798. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22113.
Selvaggi, R., Pappalardo, G., Zarbà, C., & Lusk, J. L. (2024). Driving factors behind precision livestock farming tools adoption: The case of the pedometer on dairy farms. Agricultural Systems, 220, 104090. DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104090.
Shen, W., Ji, N., Yin, Y., Dai, B., Tu, D., Sun, B., Hou, H., Kou, S., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Fusion of acoustic and deep features for pig cough sound recognition. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 106994. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2022.106994.
Steagall, P. V., Bustamante, H., Johnson, C. B., & Turner, P. V. (2021). Pain management in farm animals: Focus on cattle, sheep and pigs. Animals, 11(6), 1483. DOI: 10.3390/ani11061483.
Symeonaki, E., Maraveas, C., & Arvanitis, K. G. (2024). Recent advances in digital twins for livestock farming. Applied Sciences, 14(2), 686. DOI: 10.3390/app14020686.
Tuyttens, F. A. M., Molento, C. F. M., & Benaissa, S. (2022). Twelve threats of precision livestock farming (PLF) for animal welfare. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 889623. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889623.
Upadhyay, V. R., Ramesh, V., Kumar, H., Somagond, Y. M., Priyadarsini, S., Kuniyal, A., Prakash, V., & Sahoo, A. (2024). Phenomics in livestock research: Applications of digital phenotyping for animal breeding and management. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 28(8), 380–393. DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0109.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024). CVM GFI #187A: Heritable intentional genomic alterations in animals: Risk-based approach.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025, April 29). Freedom of Information Summary: NADA 141-609—Deletion of exon 7 of CD163 gene in domestic pigs. FDA.
Vargas, J., Ungerfeld, E., Muñoz, C., & DiLorenzo, N. (2022). Feeding strategies to mitigate enteric methane emission from ruminants in grassland systems. Animals, 12(9), 1132. DOI: 10.3390/ani12091132.
Vergani, A. M., Bagnato, A., & Masseroli, M. (2024). Predicting bovine daily milk yield by leveraging genomic breeding values. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 219, 108777. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2024.108777.
Versluijs, E., Niccolai, L. J., Spedener, M., Zimmermann, B., Hessle, A., Tofastrud, M., Devineau, O., & Evans, A. L. (2023). Classification of behaviors of free-ranging cattle using accelerometry signatures collected by virtual fence collars. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4, 1083272. DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1083272.
Vriezen, R., Plishka, M., & Cranfield, J. (2022). Consumer willingness to pay for traceable food products: A scoping review. British Food Journal, 125(5), 1631–1665. DOI: 10.1108/BFJ-01-2022-0085.
Wood, J. D., Giromini, C., & Givens, D. I. (2024). Animal-derived foods: Consumption, composition and effects on health and the environment: An overview. Frontiers in Animal Science, 5, 1332694. DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2024.1332694.
World Health Organization. (2020, July 29). Zoonoses. WHO.
World Organisation for Animal Health. (2025). Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
World Organisation for Animal Health. (2026, January 19). Statement on animal welfare during transport. WOAH.
Yan, X., Ying, Y., Li, K., Zhang, Q., & Wang, K. (2024). A review of mitigation technologies and management strategies for greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions in livestock production. Journal of Environmental Management, 352, 120028. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120028.
Yin, M., Huang, W., Guo, X., Zhao, Q., Ostojic, G., Loh, T. C., Hu, J., & Zhang, M. (2026). A comprehensive review of wearable sensors for animal information acquisition in precision livestock farming. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 112175. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2026.112175.
Yin, Y., Ji, N., Wang, X., Shen, W., Dai, B., Kou, S., & Liang, C. (2023). An investigation of fusion strategies for boosting pig cough sound recognition. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 205, 107645. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2023.107645.
Youssef, D. M., Wieland, B., Knight, G. M., Lines, J., & Naylor, N. R. (2021). The effectiveness of biosecurity interventions in reducing the transmission of pathogens in livestock production: A systematic review. Zoonoses and Public Health, 68(6), 549–562. DOI: 10.1111/zph.12807.
Zheng, Y., Xie, T., Li, S., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Cao, Z., & Yang, H. (2022). Effects of selenium as a dietary source on performance, inflammation, cell damage, and reproduction of livestock induced by heat stress: A review. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 820853. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820853.
Zuidhof, M. J. (2020). Precision livestock feeding: Matching nutrient supply with nutrient requirements of individual animals. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 29(1), 11–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.12.009.
Descargas
Publicado
Licencia

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.